ABSTRACT
High-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca channels are widely expressed in the nervous system. They play an important role in pain conduction by participating in various physiological processes such as synaptic transmission, changes in synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. Available evidence suggests that the HVA channel is an important therapeutic target for pain management. In this review, we summarize the changes in different subtypes of HVA channel during pain and present the currently available evidence from the clinical application of HVA channel blockers. We also review novel drugs in various phases of development. Moreover, we discuss the future prospects of HVA channel blockers in order to promote "bench-to-bedside" translation.
ABSTRACT
Objective · To explored the correlation of preoperative peripheral blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with clinical characteristics and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Methods · Patients' clinicopathological data of 127 cases of benign tumors and 286 cases of malignant tumor were collected, and the correlation between the level NLR and PLR in patients with ovarian cancer clinical pathology indicators and overall survival was analyzed. Results · preoperative NLR and PLR levels in patients with ovarian cancer were higher than those in benign tumors(P=0.000). The optimal cut-off point of NLR and PLR were 3.0 and 151. There was statistical significant difference between the high level of NLR group (NLR ≥ 3) and the low level of NLR group in pathological type, FIGO staging, lymph node metastasis, CA125 level and the amount of ascites (P<0.05). There was statistical significant difference between the high level of PLR group (PLR ≥ 151) and the low level of PLR group in FIGO stage,transfer status, CA125 level and quantity of ascites (P<0.05). The median survival time for NLR/PLR in the high level group were 33 and 33.5 months lower than that ofthe corresponding group of 44.5 and 49.5 months (P=0.044, P=0.000). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PLR ≥ 151 were independent risk factors affectOS in ovarian cancer patients (HR=1.936, 95% CI=1.013-3.698, P=0.045). Conclusion · The elevated blood preoperative PLR indicates poor prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. Preoperative PLR may serve as an important independent prognostic factor for ovarian cancer patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop an ion chromatography (IC) for simultaneous determination of chlorite,chlorate and bromate in drinking water. Methods The IC separation was carried out with the IonPAC AS23 column by using 4.5 mmol/L Na2CO3-0.8 mmol/L NaHCO3 at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The injection volume was 250 ?l,the temperature of conductivity detector cell and column were 30 ℃ and 35 ℃,respectively. The pressure upon the bottle of mobile phase was 40 kPa. The current of auto-regenerating suppressor was 25 mA. Results The results showed that in the range of 0 to 1 000 mg/L, the calibration equation for chlorite was y=0.009 6+1.600 0 x (r=0.999 3),for bromate was y=0.003 2+3.184 7 x (r=0.999 9),for chlorate was y= 0.001 8+1.788 9 x(r=0.999 9).The detection limit of chlorite,chlorate and bromate were all 5 ?g/ L,the recovery rates were 89.0% -108.0% and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 0.21%-2.70%. Conclusion The method is simple,fast,accurate, sensitive,little interference and is applicable to the simultaneous determination of chlorite,chlorate and bromate in drinking water.